Cairo, Egypt – President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi affirmed that the water issue is an “existential issue that cannot be compromised.” He emphasized that Cairo will not accept, under any circumstances, any infringement of its historical rights to the Nile waters. He explained that the Nile waters have become part of a pressure campaign being exerted on Egypt to achieve political goals. However, the country will remain committed to its inalienable right to this vital resource. It represents the lifeline for more than 100 million citizens.
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Crisis: The Water Crisis
The water crisis between Egypt and Ethiopia dates back to 2011. That year, Addis Ababa began construction on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile, the primary source of more than 80% of the Nile’s water. Since then, Cairo has engaged in lengthy negotiations with both Ethiopia and Sudan. The goal is to reach a legally binding agreement on the rules for filling and operating the dam. This agreement must protect the interests of all parties. It must also ensure that Egypt’s historical rights are not harmed.
Despite the signing of the Declaration of Principles in Khartoum in 2015, negotiations have repeatedly faltered. This is due to Ethiopia’s insistence on proceeding with the filling and operation unilaterally. Cairo considers this a direct threat to its water security.
Cairo’s concerns
Egypt insists on its annual quota of 55.5 billion cubic meters, asserting that it barely covers its growing needs amid population and economic growth. Cairo believes that any reduction in this quota will lead to profound crises in drinking water, agriculture, and industry. These changes would have serious repercussions for social and economic stability.
Diplomatic moves and international pressure
The crisis has witnessed multiple rounds of negotiations under the auspices of the African Union. Others have been with the participation of the United States and the World Bank. However, no final agreement has been reached. Egypt has also resorted to the UN Security Council on several occasions. It warns that continued Ethiopian intransigence threatens regional peace and security.
Egypt’s Firm Position: Sisi reiterated that Egypt will remain committed to negotiated solutions based on mutual cooperation and non-harm to any party. However, he emphasized that water is a matter of life and death for Egypt. Water security is considered an integral part of national security. This makes the Nile a “red line” for Egyptians that cannot be crossed.
